2012—2022年中国社区护理人力资源配置研究

摘要： 背景 社区卫生服务是实现全民健康覆盖的关键环节，社区护理人力资源配置直接影响服务可及性和质量。现有研究多聚焦医院护理资源配置，缺乏对社区护理人力资源配置的相关研究。 目的 探讨2012—2022年中国社区护理人力资源配置情况，为后续社区护理队伍建设提供参考。 方法 本研究数据来源于2013—2017年《中国卫生和计划生育统计年鉴》、2018—2022年《中国卫生健康统计年鉴》、2013—2022年《中国统计年鉴》、2023年《中国卫生健康统计提要》。于2024年2—5月，对中国2012—2022年社区护士队伍建设情况做描述性分析，并采用洛伦兹曲线、基尼系数和集聚度综合评价我国社区护理人力资源配置及公平性。 结果 2012—2022年我国社区护士由128 652人增至252 568人，年均增长率为6.98%。截至2021年底，我国社区护士本科学历从2012年的6.8%提升至33.0%。全国社区护士按人口、地理面积分布的基尼系数分别为0.13和0.70。集聚度分析显示，我国社区护理人力资源按地理和人口配置差异显著。 结论 中国社区护士数量逐年增加，学历结构有一定改善，但仍需进一步优化。今后应进一步加强社区护士队伍建设，综合人口、地理等因素提升社区护理人力资源配置的公平性。

关键词: 社区卫生服务机构, 护理人力资源, 资源配置, 公平性分析

Abstract:

Background

Community health services are important in achieving universal health coverage, with nursing workforce allocation directly impacting service accessibility and quality. While existing researches mainly focuses on the allocation of nursing resources in hospital, data on community nurses in China remain limited.

Objective

This study aims to evaluates trends and equity in the allocation of community nurses in China from 2012 to 2022, providing insights for optimizing resource distribution.

Methods

Data were sourced from the 2013-2017 China Health and Family Planning Statistical Yearbook, the 2018-2022 China Health and Wellness Statistical Yearbook, the 2013-2022 China Statistical Yearbook, and the 2023 China Health Statistics Abstract. A descriptive analysis was conducted from February to May 2024. The Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient and agglomeration degree were employed to assess the distribution and equity of community nurses.

Results

From 2012 to 2022, the number of community nurses increased from 128 652 to 252 568 with an average annual growth rate of 6.98%. By 2021, the proportion of community nurses with a bachelor's degree rose from 6.8% to 33.0%. The Gini coefficients for population and geographic distribution were 0.13 and 0.70, respectively, indicating significant regional disparities in nurse allocation.

Conclusion

The quantity and quality of community nurses in China have improved significantly, yet disparities persist. Regional variations in allocation remain, with population-based distribution being more equitable than geographical distribution. Future efforts should focus on strengthening the community nursing workforce and enhancing equity in resource allocation.

Key words: Community health service center, Community nurses resources, Resource allocation, Fairness analysis

引用本文

马薇萍,谢美翔,韦彬光,等. 2012—2022年中国社区护理人力资源配置研究[J]. 中国全科医学, 2026, 29(07): 864-871.