全球肺癌负担：现状和未来趋势

SCI

4 September 2023

The global burden of lung cancer: current status and future trends

(Nat Rev Clin Oncol, IF: 78.8)

Leiter Amanda,Veluswamy Rajwanth R,Wisnivesky Juan P,The global burden of lung cancer: current status and future trends.[J] .Nat Rev Clin Oncol, 2023, 20: 624-639.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. However, lung cancer incidence and mortality rates differ substantially across the world, reflecting varying patterns of tobacco smoking, exposure to environmental risk factors and genetics. Tobacco smoking is the leading risk factor for lung cancer. Lung cancer incidence largely reflects trends in smoking patterns, which generally vary by sex and economic development. For this reason, tobacco control campaigns are a central part of global strategies designed to reduce lung cancer mortality. Environmental and occupational lung cancer risk factors, such as unprocessed biomass fuels, asbestos, arsenic and radon, can also contribute to lung cancer incidence in certain parts of the world. Over the past decade, large-cohort clinical studies have established that low-dose CT screening reduces lung cancer mortality, largely owing to increased diagnosis and treatment at earlier disease stages. These data have led to recommendations that individuals with a high risk of lung cancer undergo screening in several economically developed countries and increased implementation of screening worldwide. In this Review, we provide an overview of the global epidemiology of lung cancer. Lung cancer risk factors and global risk reduction efforts are also discussed. Finally, we summarize lung cancer screening policies and their implementation worldwide.

肺癌是全球癌症相关死亡的主要原因。然而，肺癌的发病率和死亡率在世界各地差别很大，这反映了不同的吸烟模式、接触环境风险因素和遗传因素。吸烟是肺癌的主要危险因素。肺癌发病率在很大程度上反映了吸烟模式的趋势，而吸烟模式通常因性别和经济发展而异。因此，控烟行动是旨在降低肺癌死亡率的全球战略的核心部分。环境和职业肺癌风险因素，如未经加工的生物质燃料、石棉、砷和氡，也可能导致世界某些地区的肺癌发病率。在过去十年中，大型队列临床研究已经证实，低剂量CT筛查降低了肺癌死亡率，这主要是由于在疾病早期阶段增加了诊断和治疗。这些数据促使人们建议在一些经济发达国家对肺癌高危人群进行筛查，并在世界范围内加强筛查的实施。在这篇综述中，我们提供了全球肺癌流行病学的概述。还讨论了肺癌的危险因素和全球减少风险的努力。最后，我们总结了肺癌筛查政策及其在世界范围内的实施情况。