癌症的神经成瘾

2023-04-24 09:26

最近发现的外周和中枢神经系统在控制肿瘤发生和转移中的关键作用开辟了一个新的研究领域，确定了对抗癌症的创新方法。

SCI 23 April 2023

The neural addiction of cancer

(Nat Rev Cancer; IF:69.8)

Magnon C, Hondermarck H. The neural addiction of cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. Apr 11 2023.

Correspondence to: claire.magnon@inserm.fr

The recently uncovered key role of the peripheral and central nervous systems in controlling tumorigenesis and metastasis has opened a new area of research to identify innovative approaches against cancer. Although the 'neural addiction' of cancer is only partially understood, in this Perspective we discuss the current knowledge and perspectives on peripheral and central nerve circuitries and brain areas that can support tumorigenesis and metastasis and the possible reciprocal influence that the brain and peripheral tumours exert on one another. Tumours can build up local autonomic and sensory nerve networks and are able to develop a long-distance relationship with the brain through circulating adipokines, inflammatory cytokines, neurotrophic factors or afferent nerve inputs, to promote cancer initiation, growth and dissemination. In turn, the central nervous system can affect tumour development and metastasis through the activation or dysregulation of specific central neural areas or circuits, as well as neuroendocrine, neuroimmune or neurovascular systems. Studying neural circuitries in the brain and tumours, as well as understanding how the brain communicates with the tumour or how intratumour nerves interplay with the tumour microenvironment, can reveal unrecognized mechanisms that promote cancer development and progression and open up opportunities for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Targeting the dysregulated peripheral and central nervous systems might represent a novel strategy for next-generation cancer treatment that could, in part, be achieved through the repurposing of neuropsychiatric drugs in oncology.

最近发现的外周和中枢神经系统在控制肿瘤发生和转移中的关键作用开辟了一个新的研究领域，确定了对抗癌症的创新方法。虽然对癌症的“神经成瘾”只有部分的了解，但在这一领域中，我们讨论了支持肿瘤发生和转移的外周和中枢神经环路和大脑区域的当前知识和观点，以及大脑和外周肿瘤之间可能的相互影响。肿瘤可以建立局部自主和感觉神经网络，并能够通过循环的脂肪因子、炎症因子、神经营养因子或传入神经与大脑建立远距离关系，从而促进癌症的发生、生长和播散。反过来，中枢神经系统可通过特定中枢神经区域或环路的激活或失调，以及神经内分泌、神经免疫或神经血管系统，影响肿瘤的发展和转移。研究大脑和肿瘤中的神经环路，以及了解大脑如何与肿瘤沟通，或肿瘤内神经如何与肿瘤微环境相互作用，可以揭示促进癌症发生和发展的未知机制，并为开发新的治疗策略提供机会。靶向失调的外周和中枢神经系统可能代表了下一代癌症治疗的新策略，在一定程度上，可以通过将神经精神药物用于肿瘤学来实现。