Nature Neurosci—科学家发布系统的人类全脑神经递质受体及转运体图谱：与结构连接、功能连接及脑疾病密切相关！！

中文摘要

神经递质受体支持信号在人脑中的传播。目前尚不清楚受体系统如何在宏观神经解剖学中进行定位以及它们如何修饰应急功能，此外，目前全球都没有完整而全面的脑受体图谱。在这项研究中，研究人员收集了1200多名健康人的正电子发射断层扫描数据，构建了一个全脑三维标准图谱，其中包括9种不同神经递质系统中的19种受体和转运蛋白。他们发现受体谱与结构连接性一致，且与诸如神经生理振荡动力学和静息状态血流动力学功能连接性等脑功能相关。使用Neurosynth认知图谱，他们发现了可将外在和内在心理过程分开的重叠受体分布的地形梯度。最后，他们发现了13种疾病中受体分布和皮质异常模式之间预期的和新的关联性。此外，他们在独立收集的放射自显影数据集中重复了所有发现。这项研究工作揭示了神经递质拓扑结构是如何塑造大脑结构和功能的，这为研究多尺度大脑组织提供了新的方向。

英文摘要

Neurotransmitter receptors support the propagation of signals in the human brain. How receptor systems are situated within macro-scale neuroanatomy and how they shape emergent function remain poorly understood, and there exists no comprehensive atlas of receptors. Here we collate positron emission tomography data from more than 1,200 healthy individuals to construct a whole-brain three-dimensional normative atlas of 19 receptors and transporters across nine different neurotransmitter systems. We found that receptor profiles align with structural connectivity and mediate function, including neurophysiological oscillatory dynamics and resting-state hemodynamic functional connectivity. Using the Neurosynth cognitive atlas, we uncovered a topographic gradient of overlapping receptor distributions that separates extrinsic and intrinsic psychological processes. Finally, we found both expected and novel associations between receptor distributions and cortical abnormality patterns across 13 disorders. We replicated all findings in an independently collected autoradiography dataset. This work demonstrates how chemoarchitecture shapes brain structure and function, providing a new direction for studying multi-scale brain organization.

参考文献：Mapping neurotransmitter systems to the structural and functional organization of the human neocortex.Nat Neurosci. 2022 Oct 27. doi: 10.1038/s41593-022-01186-3. Online ahead of print.

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