2022年癌症治疗和生存统计

Abstract 摘要

The number of cancer survivors continues to increase in the United States due to the growth and aging of the population as well as advances in early detection and treatment. To assist the public health community in better serving these individuals, the American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute collaborate triennially to estimate cancer prevalence in the United States using incidence and survival data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registries, vital statistics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Center for Health Statistics, and population projections from the US Census Bureau. Current treatment patterns based on information in the National Cancer Database are presented for the most prevalent cancer types by race, and cancer-related and treatment-related side-effects are also briefly described. More than 18 million Americans (8.3 million males and 9.7 million females) with a history of cancer were alive on January 1, 2022. The 3 most prevalent cancers are prostate (3,523,230), melanoma of the skin (760,640), and colon and rectum (726,450) among males and breast (4,055,770), uterine corpus (891,560), and thyroid (823,800) among females. More than one-half (53%) of survivors were diagnosed within the past 10 years, and two-thirds (67%) were aged 65 years or older. One of the largest racial disparities in treatment is for rectal cancer, for which 41% of Black patients with stage I disease receive proctectomy or proctocolectomy compared to 66% of White patients. Surgical receipt is also substantially lower among Black patients with non-small cell lung cancer, 49% for stages I-II and 16% for stage III versus 55% and 22% for White patients, respectively. These treatment disparities are exacerbated by the fact that Black patients continue to be less likely to be diagnosed with stage I disease than White patients for most cancers, with some of the largest disparities for female breast (53% vs 68%) and endometrial (59% vs 73%). Although there are a growing number of tools that can assist patients, caregivers, and clinicians in navigating the various phases of cancer survivorship, further evidence-based strategies and equitable access to available resources are needed to mitigate disparities for communities of color and optimize care for people with a history of cancer.

由于人口的增长和老龄化以及早期检测和治疗的进步，美国癌症幸存者的数量持续增加。为了帮助公共卫生群体更好地为这些个体服务，ACS（American Cancer Society）和NCI（National Cancer Institute）每三年合作一次，利用来自SEER（Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results）癌症登记处的发病率和生存率数据，CDC（Centers for Disease Control and Prevention）国家卫生统计中心的生命数据，以及美国人口普查局的人口预测，估计美国的癌症流行率。基于NCDB（National Cancer Database）信息按每个种族最流行的癌症类型提出了当前的治疗模式，并简要描述了癌症相关和治疗相关的副作用。到2022年1月1日，超过1800万有癌症史的美国人(830万男性和970万女性)还在世。男性中最常见的3种癌症是前列腺癌(3,523,230例)、皮肤黑素瘤(760,640例)、结肠和直肠癌(726,450例)，女性则是乳腺癌(4,055,770例)、子宫体癌(891,560例)、甲状腺癌(823,800例)。超过一半(53%)的幸存者是在过去10年内确诊的，三分之二(67%)的年龄在65岁或以上。在治疗上种族差异最大之一的是直肠癌，4%的I期黑人患者接受直肠切除或结直肠切除术，而白人患者的比例为66%。非小细胞肺癌黑人患者的手术接受率也明显较低，I-II期和III期分别为49%和16%，而白人患者分别为55%和22%。在大多数癌症中，黑人患者比白人患者更不可能被诊断为I期疾病，这一事实加剧了这些治疗差异，其中女性乳腺癌(53% vs 68%)和子宫内膜癌(59% vs 73%)的差异最大。虽然有越来越多的工具可以帮助患者、护理人员和临床医生在癌症生存的各个阶段提供指导，但需要进一步的基于证据的策略和公平获取可用资源，以减轻有色人种的社区差异，并优化对有癌症病史的人的护理。

打赏