基于倾向性评分匹配的护士与普通人群的抑郁症状流行率

Abstract

Background

Depressive symptoms have a series of negative effects and are considered especially severe among nurses, whereas there is a lack of quantitative studies comparing the risk of depressive symptoms between nurses and the general population.

Methods

We respectively conducted a nationwide cross-sectional online survey among 17,582 Chinese nurses from July to August 2018, and 101,120 Chinese community residents from January to February 2019. The questionnaire covered social-demographic characteristics and depressive symptoms for both, work-related factors and life-related factors for nurses. Propensity Score Matching was performed to match nurses and residents by gender, age, educational level, marital status, and habitual residence.

Results

Before Propensity Score Matching, the risk of depressive symptoms in nurses was higher than residents (OR, 2.16; 95% CI, 2.07–2.26). After matching, there were 15,256 nurses and residents respectively, and the risk in nurses was higher (OR, 2.14; 95% CI, 2.02–2.27). Logistic regression showed that longer years of service (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.30–1.83), higher night shift frequency (OR, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.35–1.64), perceived shortage of nurses (OR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.84–2.13), suffered verbal violence (OR, 2.43; 95% CI, 2.21–2.66) and physical violence (OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.64–1.98) were risk factors for depressive symptoms in nurses.

Limitations

Convenience sampling and online survey were adopted in this cross-sectional study, which may diminish the representativeness of samples.

Conclusions

Compared with the general population, nurses have a higher risk of depressive symptoms in China. Reasonable work allocation, adequate staffing, scientific shift system and violence emergency system should be implemented.

摘要翻译（仅供参考）

背景介绍

抑郁症状有一系列的负面影响，在护士中被认为是特别严重的，但缺乏定量的研究来比较护士和普通人群之间的抑郁症状的风险。

研究方法

我们分别于2018年7月至8月在17,582名中国护士和2019年1月至2月在101,120名中国社区居民中进行了全国性的横断面在线调查。问卷内容包括社会人口学特征和抑郁症状，包括护士的工作相关因素和生活相关因素。通过性别、年龄、教育程度、婚姻状况和惯常居住地，进行倾向性评分匹配，以匹配护士和居民。

结果

在倾向得分匹配之前，护士的抑郁症状风险高于住院医师（OR，2.16；95% CI，2.07-2.26）。匹配后，护士和住院医生分别有15256人，护士的风险更高（OR，2.14；95% CI，2.02-2.27）。Logistic回归显示，工作年限较长（OR，1.54；95% CI，1.30-1.83），夜班频率较高（OR，1.48；95% CI，1.35-1.64），认为护士短缺（OR，1.98；95% CI，1.84-2.13），遭受口头暴力（OR，2.43；95% CI，2.21-2.66）和身体暴力（OR，1.80；95% CI，1.64-1.98）是护士抑郁症状的风险因素。

限制因素

这项横断面研究采用了便利抽样和在线调查，这可能会降低样本的代表性。

结论

与普通人群相比，中国的护士有更高的抑郁症状风险。应实施合理的工作分配、充足的人员配置、科学的轮班制度和暴力应急制度。

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