“黑人不会感到疼痛，为什么要浪费麻醉剂？”

没有麻醉的情况下，做一次手术，请想象一下会有多疼？安娜戈那娜（Anaecha）是一名19世纪的美国黑人女性，她第一次接受外科手术是在17岁。四年的时间里，她一共接受了30次手术，都没有使用麻醉剂。

给她做手术的人名叫马里昂·西姆斯（J. Marion Sims），一位美国重要的医学人物，被誉为“现代妇科之父”，他为医学领域贡献了革命性的工具和技术，而他的实验成果却建立在残忍的人体实验之上。

“黑人不会感到疼痛，为什么要浪费麻醉剂？”基于这样的理念，西姆斯医生在手术时对黑人妇女不实施麻醉，但对白人妇女实施麻醉。黑人在美国的地位到底有多低？历史上的黑人奴隶到底有多悲惨？

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15世纪末，哥伦布发现土地肥沃的美洲之后，很多欧洲人前往美洲买地，种植甘蔗。但由于美洲人口稀少，原住民印第安人被大量屠杀，劳动力严重短缺。于是，欧洲殖民者在当时还很落后的非洲大陆上，进行了有组织的大规模贩卖黑人活动。

After Columbus discovered the fertile land of the Americas in the late 15th century, many Europeans travelled to the Americas to buy lands and grow sugar cane. However, due to the sparse population of the Americas and the mass slaughter of the indigenous Indians, there was a severe shortage of labour. As a result, the European colonists engaged in an organised mass trafficking of black people on the then still backward continent of Africa.

在贩卖黑人过程中，奴隶主为了挑选健康的黑奴，通常会将黑奴的嘴掰开，以便能够看到黑奴们的牙齿状况，了解一个黑奴的年龄；部分奴隶主也会在检查黑奴质量的时候，伸出舌头舔一下黑奴的下巴或脸部，靠识别汗液来判断他们是否患病。奴隶主们可以随意使唤黑奴，动辄打骂，完成不了工作就砍断手脚；为了让黑奴记忆深刻，黑奴被鞭打后，奴隶主还会在伤口上揉红辣椒水、盐水或松油精......

美国一名103岁的黑人老奶奶麦蒂·斯科特回忆儿时每天被强迫采棉14小时。

对于黑人女性奴隶而言，她们不比男性黑奴身强体壮，却被迫干着同样苦累的重活，一些面容姣好的女性还时常成为奴隶主的泄欲工具。奴隶主会将女奴隶生下来的这些小黑奴圈养长大之后变为新的劳动力，而这些非洲的女孩从13岁开始就要不断地被迫生儿育女。

They were not as strong as the male slaves, but were forced to do the same hard, heavy work, and some of the good-looking women were often used by the slave masters for lust. These young black slaves were kept in captivity by the slave masters as they grew up and became the new workforce, and from the age of 13 these African girls were constantly forced to give birth to children.

一些特别残忍贪婪的白人奴隶主会将一个黑人奴隶压榨到老，压榨到黑人奴隶再也不能工作为止。他们不会再给已经无法工作的年老黑人花费一分钱，他们会直接残忍地将其抛弃到野外，或是让其滚出家门自生自灭。甚至有些太过贪婪的奴隶主会在奴隶年老之时转手卖给他人，以获取微小的收益。

Some particularly cruel and greedy white slave owners would exploite a black slave into old age, until the black slave was no longer able to work. They would not spend a penny on an old black man who could no longer work; they would simply abandon him to the wild or leave him to fend for himself. The greediest slave owners would even sell their slaves at an old age for a small profit.

马丁·路德·金演讲《我有一个梦想》：“我梦想有一天，这个国家将会奋起，实现其立国信条的真谛，我认为这些真理不言而喻，那就是人人生而平等。”

"I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed. We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men are created equal."

1940年，美国最后一艘奴隶船的最后一名已知幸存者玛蒂尔达（Matilda）在美国废除奴隶制度75周年时去世，她14岁时被迫做母亲，终生都未等来一个道歉。

来源：中国日报双语新闻

转自：马教授医学科普

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