太极拳对老年人平衡表现的最佳运动参数：荟萃分析

分享智慧

共同成长

Abstract

Background: Tai chi is considered a safe and low-cost treatment for improving balance ability among an older population. However, there is no existing evidence on the optimal exercise parameters of tai chi for improving balance in older adults.

Objectives: To investigate the optimal parameters of a tai chi intervention to improve balance performance of older adults.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Setting: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, Chinese Science and Technology Periodical and China Biology Medicine were searched from inception until November 30, 2020.

Participants: Adults aged 60 years and over.

Measurements: Two reviewers independently extracted the data and assessed the quality of the included studies according to the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Subgroup analyses and meta-regressions were conducted to elucidate the impact of tai chi training programs on balance measures.

Results: Twenty-six eligible RCTs were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled results showed that tai chi has moderate effects for improving proactive balance (weighted mean standardized mean differences [SMDwm ] = 0.61, 95% CI 0.33-0.89) and static steady-state balance (SMDwm = 0.62, 95% CI 0.30-0.95) and small effects for improving dynamic steady-state balance (SMDwm = 0.38, 95% CI 0.03-0.73) and balance test batteries (SMDwm = 0.47, 95% CI 0.13-0.81) in adults over 60 years of age. The practice frequency could predict the effects of tai chi on static steady-state balance, and the 24-form simplified Yang style tai chi (45-60 min/session, more than four sessions per week and at least 8 weeks) was the most optimal.

Conclusions: Tai chi is effective at improving the balance ability of adults over 60 years of age. A medium duration and high frequency of 24-form tai chi may be the optimal program for improving balance, but this evidence should be recommended with caution due to limitations of the methodology and small sample sizes.

摘要翻译（仅供参考）

背景 太极拳被认为是改善老年人群平衡能力的一种安全和低成本的治疗方法。然而，目前还没有证据表明太极拳在改善老年人平衡能力方面的最佳运动参数。

目的 研究太极拳干预的最佳参数，以改善老年人的平衡性能。

设计 系统回顾和随机对照试验（RCTs）的荟萃分析。

设置 检索了PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, Chinese Science and Technology Periodical and China Biology Medicine，从开始到2020年11月30日。

参与者 60岁及以上的成年人。

测量方法 两位评审员独立提取数据，并根据物理治疗证据数据库（PEDro）量表评估纳入研究的质量。进行了亚组分析和元回归，以阐明太极拳训练项目对平衡指标的影响。

结果 26个符合条件的RCTs被纳入了荟萃分析。汇总结果显示，太极拳对改善主动平衡（加权平均标准化差异[SMDwm]=0.61，95%CI 0.33-0.89）和静态稳态平衡（SMDwm=0. 62，95% CI 0.30-0.95），对改善60岁以上成人的动态稳态平衡（SMDwm = 0.38，95% CI 0.03-0.73）和平衡测试电池（SMDwm = 0.47，95% CI 0.13-0.81）的效果很小。练习频率可以预测太极拳对静态稳态平衡的影响，24式简化杨式太极拳（45-60分钟/次，每周4次以上，至少8周）是最理想的。

结论 太极拳对改善60岁以上成年人的平衡能力是有效的。中等时间和高频率的24式太极拳可能是改善平衡能力的最佳方案，但由于方法的局限性和小样本量，推荐这一证据时应谨慎。

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