护理领域的人工智能技术：证据的范围综述

Abstract

Background

Research on technologies based on artificial intelligence in healthcare has increased during the last decade, with applications showing great potential in assisting and improving care. However, introducing these technologies into nursing can raise concerns related to data bias in the context of training algorithms and potential implications for certain populations. Little evidence exists in the extant literature regarding the efficacious application of many artificial intelligence -based health technologies used in healthcare.

Objectives

To synthesize currently available state-of the-art research in artificial intelligence -based technologies applied in nursing practice.

Design

Scoping review

Methods

PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science and IEEE Xplore were searched for relevant articles with queries that combine names and terms related to nursing, artificial intelligence and machine learning methods. Included studies focused on developing or validating artificial intelligence -based technologies with a clear description of their impacts on nursing. We excluded non-experimental studies and research targeted at robotics, nursing management and technologies used in nursing research and education.

Results

A total of 7610 articles published between January 2010 and March 2021 were revealed, with 93 articles included in this review. Most studies explored the technology development (n=55, 59.1%) and formation (testing) (n=28, 30.1%) phases, followed by implementation (n=9, 9.7%) and operational (n=1, 1.1%) phases. The vast majority (73.1%) of studies provided evidence with a descriptive design (level VI) while only a small portion (4.3 %) were randomised controlled trials (level II). The study aims, settings and methods were poorly described in the articles, and discussion of ethical considerations were lacking in 36.6% of studies. Additionally, one-third of papers (33.3%) were reported without the involvement of nurses.

Conclusions

Contemporary research on applications of artificial intelligence -based technologies in nursing mainly cover the earlier stages of technology development, leaving scarce evidence of the impact of these technologies and implementation aspects into practice. The content of research reported is varied. Therefore, guidelines on research reporting and implementing artificial intelligence -based technologies in nursing are needed. Furthermore, integrating basic knowledge of artificial intelligence -related technologies and their applications in nursing education is imperative, and interventions to increase the inclusion of nurses throughout the technology research and development process is needed.

摘要翻译（仅供参考）

背景

在过去十年中，对基于人工智能的医疗保健技术的研究有所增加，其应用在协助和改善护理方面显示出巨大的潜力。然而，将这些技术引入护理可能会引起与训练算法背景下的数据偏差相关的担忧，以及对某些人群的潜在影响。现有文献中几乎没有证据表明许多基于人工智能的健康技术在医疗保健中的有效应用。

目标

综合当前可用的基于人工智能的技术在护理实践中的最先进研究。

设计

范围审查

方法

搜索 PubMed、CINAHL、Web of Science 和 IEEE Xplore 的相关文章，其中查询结合了与护理、人工智能和机器学习方法相关的名称和术语。包括专注于开发或验证基于人工智能的技术的研究，并清楚地描述了它们对护理的影响。我们排除了针对机器人技术、护理管理和护理研究和教育中使用的技术的非实验性研究和研究。

结果

共公开2010年1月至2021年3月发表的7610篇文章，其中93篇纳入本综述。大多数研究探讨了技术开发（n=55, 59.1%）和形成（测试）（n=28, 30.1%）阶段，其次是实施（n=9, 9.7%）和操作（n=1, 1.1%）阶段。绝大多数 (73.1%) 的研究提供了描述性设计的证据（VI 级），而只有一小部分（4.3%）是随机对照试验（II 级）。文章中对研究目的、设置和方法的描述很差，36.6% 的研究缺乏对伦理考虑的讨论。此外，三分之一的论文 (33.3%) 是在没有护士参与的情况下报告的。

结论

当代基于人工智能的技术在护理中的应用研究主要涵盖技术发展的早期阶段，这些技术的影响和实施方面的实践证据很少。报告的研究内容多种多样。因此，需要关于研究报告和在护理中实施基于人工智能的技术的指南。此外，整合人工智能相关技术的基础知识及其在护理教育中的应用势在必行，需要在整个技术研发过程中增加护士的参与度。

原文链接：

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.104153

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