基于万花筒职业模型的西北地区临床护士职业成功影响因素：结构方程模型

Abstract

Aim

To explore the relationships among self-efficacy, information literacy, social support and career success of clinical nurses, and identify factors influencing clinical nurses’ career success in northwestern China.

Background

Understanding the influencing factors of career success is important for the professional development of nurses and the improvement of clinical nursing quality. Many influencing factors of career success have been identified, but there is no large-scale research on the relationships among self-efficacy, information literacy, social support and career success of clinical nurses based on Kaleidoscope Career Model. Studies examining the association of the four factors remain limited.

Methods

A total of 3,011 clinical nurses from 30 hospitals in northwestern China were selected in the cross sectional survey and the response rate was 94.71%. The clinical nurses completed the online self-report questionnaires including self-efficacy, information literacy, social support rating scale and career success scale. The data were analyzed by SPSS23.0 statistical software using t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation and multiple linear regression. Structural Equation Model (SEM) was used to analyze the influencing factors of career success using Mplus 8.3.

Results

The career success of clinical nurses in northwestern China was at a medium level. The linear multivariate regression analysis showed that self-efficacy (β=0.513), social support (β=0.230), information support (β=0.106), information consciousness (β=-0.097), information knowledge (β=0.067), information ethics (β=-0.053), hospital grade (β=0.118), marital status (β=-0.071) and age (β=-0.037) entered regression equation of clinical nurses' career success (all P< 0.05). SEM results showed that the career success was negatively correlated with demographic characteristics, and positively correlated with social support and self-efficacy.

Conclusion

Demographic characteristics, self-efficacy, social support and information literacy are the influencing factors of nurses' career success which should be considered in the process of promoting nurses' career success.

Implications for Nursing Management

Nursing managers need to acknowledge the significance of nurses' career success both for the realization of their own value and for the improvement of clinical nursing quality. They should encourage nurses to enhance self-efficacy and render more social support through incentive policies, and foster nurses' information literacy through information technology training so as to improve their career success.

摘要翻译（仅供参考）

目的

探讨西北地区临床护士自我效能感、信息素养、社会支持与职业成功之间的关系，找出影响临床护士职业成功的因素。

背景

了解职业成功的影响因素对于护士的专业发展和临床护理质量的提高具有重要意义。职业成功的影响因素很多，但目前还没有基于万花筒职业模型的临床护士自我效能感、信息素养、社会支持与职业成功之间关系的大规模研究。检查这四个因素之间关联的研究仍然有限。

方法

本次横断面调查共选取了西北地区30家医院的3011名临床护士，应答率为94.71%。临床护士完成了包括自我效能感、信息素养、社会支持评定量表和职业成功量表在内的在线自我报告问卷。数据采用SPSS23.0统计软件，采用t检验、方差分析、Pearson相关和多元线性回归进行分析。使用Mplus 8.3，利用结构方程模型（SEM）分析职业成功的影响因素。

结果

西北地区临床护士职业成就处于中等水平。线性多元回归分析表明，自我效能感（β =0.513）、社会支持（β =0.230）、信息支持（β =0.106）、信息意识（β =-0.097）、信息知识（β =0.067）、信息伦理（β =-0.053）、医院等级（β =0.118）、婚姻状况（β =-0.071）和年龄（β =-0.037）进入临床护士职业成功的回归方程（均P< 0.05)。SEM结果显示，职业成功与人口学特征呈负相关，与社会支持和自我效能感呈正相关。

结论

人口学特征、自我效能感、社会支持和信息素养是护士职业成功的影响因素，在促进护士职业成功过程中应予以考虑。

对护理管理的影响

护理管理者需要认识到护士职业成功对于实现自身价值和提高临床护理质量的重要意义。应通过激励政策鼓励护士提高自我效能感，给予更多社会支持，通过信息技术培训培养护士信息素养，提高护士职业成功率。

原文链接：

https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13499

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