背景

工作倦怠以情绪疲惫，人格解体和个人成就感下降为特征，给护士的个人健康和心理健康带来了沉重负担。随着越来越多的证据凸显了倦怠对临床医务人员，患者和组织的不利影响，必须在医疗保健系统中进一步了解护士的倦怠情况。

目的

这篇综述的目的是系统评判地评估当前的文献，以检查护士倦怠与患者和医院组织结局之间的关系。

设计和数据源

基于 the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 的系统评价。检索数据库包括PubMed，CINAHL，PsychInfo，Scopus和Embase。纳入标准是任何将医院工作的护士的倦怠作为独立变量，在同行评审期刊中并以英语撰写的原始研究。于2018年10月至2019年1月进行检索，并于2020年1月和2020年10月进行了更新。

结果

该评价共纳入20项研究。与护士倦怠相关的与组织相关的结果是：（1）患者安全，（2）护理质量，（3）护士的组织承诺，（4）护士的生产力和（5）患者满意度。对于这些主题，护士的倦怠与结局指标一直呈负相关。

结论

护士倦怠是一种职业危害，会影响护士，患者，组织和整个社会。护士的倦怠与安全性和护理质量的下降，患者满意度的下降以及护士的组织投入和生产率有关。传统上，倦怠被视为一个单独的问题。但是，将倦怠重新定义为一种组织性和集体性现象，为解决护士的倦怠提供了更广阔的视野。

 

 

Background

Burnout, characterized by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and decreased personal accomplishments, poses a significant burden on individual nurses’ health and mental wellbeing. As growing evidence highlights the adverse consequences of burnout for clinicians, patients, and organizations, it is imperative to examine nurse burnout in the healthcare system.

Objective

The purpose of this review is to systematically and critically appraise the current literature to examine the associations between nurse burnout and patient and hospital organizational outcomes.

Design and Data Sources

A systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses was conducted. PubMed, CINAHL, PsychInfo, Scopus, and Embase were the search engines used. The inclusion criteria were any primary studies examining burnout among nurses working in hospitals as an independent variable, in peer-reviewed journals, and written in English. The search was performed from October 2018 to January 2019 and updated in January and October 2020.

Results

A total of 20 studies were included in the review. The organizational-related outcomes associated with nurse burnout were (1) patient safety, (2) quality of care, (3) nurses’ organizational commitment, (4) nurse productivity, and (5) patient satisfaction. For these themes, nurse burnout was consistently inversely associated with outcome measures.

Conclusions

Nurse burnout is an occupational hazard affecting nurses, patients, organizations, and society at large. Nurse burnout is associated with worsening safety and quality of care, decreased patient satisfaction, and nurses’ organizational commitment and productivity. Traditionally, burnout is viewed as an individual issue. However, reframing burnout as an organizational and collective phenomenon affords the broader perspective necessary to address nurse burnout.

原文链接：

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0020748921000742

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