护理SCI晨读：COVID-19大流行期间护士的压力源和心理困扰：应对和韧性的中介作用
COVID-19大流行期间护士的压力源和心理困扰：应对和韧性的中介作用
摘要
目的
这项研究分析了在COVID-19大流行高峰期间压力源对护士心理困扰的影响，以及应对策略（包括问题导向和情感导向）和韧性的中介作用。
设计
横断面定量分析。
方法
使用在2020年4月1日至5月25日之间获得的调查数据，对来自西班牙39个省的421名护士进行抽样，进行结构方程建模。
结果
结果证实：（a）所有压力源与护士的心理困扰有显著，直接和消极的关系；（b）注重情绪的应对策略直接或间接地通过韧性与护士的心理困扰负相关；（c）以问题为中心的应对策略与护士的心理困扰正相关，而通过以情绪为中心的应对策略则间接负相关。
结论
这项研究通过以问题为中心和以情感为中心的应对策略与韧性的同时并发效应，确定了压力源对心理困扰的重要调解顺序。研究结果表明，制定两种应对机制和适应力资源对于实现护士心理健康的适应性作用至关重要。
影响
准备不足的护士和担心传染的护士不会制定适当的应对策略。因此，这些护士由于容易受到伤害的风险而需要特别考虑。
英文摘要
Aims
This study analyses the cross‐sectional effect of sources of stress during the peak of COVID‐19 pandemic on nurses´ psychological distress, focusing on the mediating role of coping strategies, both problem focused and emotion focused and resilience.
Design
Cross‐sectional and quantitative analyses.
Methods
Structural equation modelling was performed using survey data obtained during the period between 1 April‐25 May 2020 in a sample of 421 nurses from 39 Spanish provinces.
Results
Results confirmed that: (a) All the stressors have a significant, direct, and negative relationship with nurses´ psychological distress; (b) Emotion‐focused strategies is negatively related to nurses´ psychological distress directly and indirectly through resilience; and (c) Problem‐focused strategies is positively related to nurses´ psychological distress and negatively and indirectly through emotion‐focused strategies.
Conclusion
This study identifies an important mediation sequence of stressors on psychological distress through the simultaneous concurrent effect of Problem‐focused and Emotion‐focused strategies and resilience. It shows that enacting the two coping mechanisms and resilience resources is important to achieve an adaptive effect on nurses´ mental health.
Impact
Nurses with insufficient preparation and those with high levels of fear of contagion do not enact proper coping strategies. Thus, these nurses need special consideration due to their risk of higher vulnerability.
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