围术期麻醉药物与尿崩症
本文由“小麻哥的日常”授权转载
尿崩症(Diabetesinsipidus, DI)的定义:
是由于下丘脑-神经垂体病变引起精氨酸加压素(AVP)又称抗利尿激素(ADH)不同程度的缺乏,或由于多种病变引起肾脏对AVP敏感性缺陷,导致肾小管重吸收水的功能障碍,从而产生的一组临床综合征。
临床特点:
以多尿、烦渴、多饮、低比重尿和低渗尿为特征。尿崩症常见于青壮年,男女之比为2︰1,遗传性肾性尿崩症(NDI)多见于儿童。
分类:
根据发病机制可分为中枢性尿崩症(CDI)和肾性尿崩症(NDI)。
围术期尿崩症是比较罕见的,麻醉药物也可能与术中尿崩症有关,这篇发表在Anesth Analg杂志上的文章PerioperativeDiabetes Insipidus Caused by Anesthetic Medications: A Review of the Literature.对围术期麻醉药物与尿崩症的关系进行了系统综述,但原文无法下载,更详细的信息无法获取,先分享一下摘要吧。
尿崩症(DI)是一种罕见的围手术期并发症,可继发于药物治疗或手术操作,并可导致严重的低血容量和电解质异常。
我们回顾和评估了目前的文献,确定了24例与麻醉常用药物如异丙酚、右美托咪定、七氟醚、氯胺酮和阿片类药物有关的DI。
这篇综述总结了每种药物治疗DI的病例报告和频率,并提出了可能的病理生理学。
术中多尿的鉴别诊断应包括药物引起的DI。
术中早期识别、清除药物和治疗DI是减少并发症的关键。
原文摘要
Diabetesinsipidus (DI) is an uncommon perioperative complication that can occursecondary to medications or surgical manipulation and can cause significanthypovolemia and electrolyte abnormalities. We reviewed and evaluated thecurrent literature and identified 24 cases of DI related to medicationscommonly used in anesthesia such as propofol, dexmedetomidine, sevoflurane,ketamine, and opioids. This review summarizes the case reports and frequency ofDI with each medication and presents possible pathophysiology.Medication-induced DI should be included in the differential diagnosis whenintraoperative polyuria is identified. Early identification, removal of theagent, and treatment of intraoperative DI are critical to minimize complications.

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