背景

由于冠状病毒病(COVID-19)的流行日益严重，人们应普遍使用口罩。然而，对于公众戴口罩行为的规范性知之甚少。

目的

评估新冠肺炎疫情背景下公众戴口罩行为。

设计

横断面研究。

场所

此项在线调查于2020年4月6日至5月5日在中国开展。

参与者

纳入10165名生活在中国、懂中文且不是卫生保健提供者的人。

方法

采用描述性统计方法对公众佩戴口罩的行为进行评估。采用二元logistic回归分析确定影响佩戴口罩行为的危险因素。

结果

在covid-19大流行期间，几乎所有人(99%)都戴口罩，其中大多数人(73.3%)表现出良好的口罩使用依从性。然而，41.8%的参与者在戴口罩前很少洗手，超过一半(55.3%，62.1%)的参与者在戴口罩时触摸(n=8108, 79.8%)或调整(n=9356, 92.0%)戴口罩后没有持续洗手。当取下使用过的口罩时，7.6%的参与者将口罩扔进没有盖子的垃圾桶，22.5%的参与者将口罩扔进自己伸手可及的垃圾桶，不管是否有盖子。受访者报告佩戴一次性医用口罩(93.8%)，其次是N95口罩(26.2%)和布口罩(8.5%)。一些参与者同时戴着多个口罩(偶尔是26.5%，通常是2.1%，总是1.5%)。共有5981人(58.8%)表示会重复使用一次性口罩，其中近三分之二(n=3923, 65.6%)表示会将使用过的口罩挂在通风良好的地方。超过三分之一(37.6%)的受访者在使用口罩超过8小时后没有更换口罩。接触口罩使用说明是依从性最强的预测因子(优势比=4.13,95%CI= 3.60-4.75,p=0.000)。其他因素还包括特定的环境、地点和性别。年龄的影响需要进一步的调查。大多数受访者(76.4%)主要通过社交媒体平台获取信息。

结论

在新冠肺炎大流行期间，几乎所有人都戴口罩，大多数人都正确使用口罩。在今后的证据传播或行为改变干预中，应特别强调戴口罩前和戴口罩期间的手卫生、选择合适的口罩类型、重复使用处置口罩和处置使用过的口罩。在社交媒体平台上传播证据和改变行为的信息可能对公众最有利，但这项倡议需要进一步研究以调查其有效性。

 

   

Background

Universal face mask use was recommended owing to the growing pandemic of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). However, little is known about the public's compliance with mask-wearing behaviours.

Objective

To evaluate the public's mask-wearing behaviours in the context of COVID-19.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Online survey from 6 April 2020 to 5 May 2020 in China.

Participants

This study included 10,165 persons who lived in China, understood Chinese, and were not health care providers.

Methods

Descriptive statistics were used to assess the public's mask-wearing behaviours. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors affecting the mask-wearing behaviours.

Results

Nearly all (99%) people wore a mask during the covid-19 pandemic, with most (73.3%) demonstrating good compliance with face mask use. However, 41.8% of the participants seldom cleaned their hands before putting on a face mask, and more than half (55.3%, 62.1%) of those who touched (n=8108, 79.8%) or adjusted (n=9356, 92.0%) their mask while using it failed to consistently wash their hands afterward. When removing a used mask, 7.6% of the participants discarded it into a garbage bin without a lid and 22.5% discarded it into a garbage bin in their reach regardless of presence of a lid. Participants reported wearing disposable medical masks (93.8%), followed by N95 respirators (26.2%), and cloth face masks (8.5%). Some participants wore multiple masks simultaneously (occasionally 26.5%, often 2.1%, always 1.5%). A total of 5,981 (58.8%) participants reported reusing disposable masks, with nearly two thirds (n=3923, 65.6%) indicating they would hang the used masks in well-ventilated places. More than one-third (37.6%) of the respondents did not replace mask when it had been used for more than 8 hours. Exposure to instructions on face mask use was the strongest predictor of good compliance (odds ratio=4.13, 95% confidential interval= 3.60-4.75, p=0.000). Other factors included specific situations, location, and gender. The influence of age needs further investigation. Most participants (76.4%) accessed information mainly via social media platforms.

Conclusions

Nearly all people wore face mask and most of them used it properly during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hand hygiene before and during mask-wearing, choosing an appropriate type of face mask, reusing disposal face mask, and disposing of used face masks should be particularly emphasized in future evidence dissemination or behaviour-change interventions. Information on social media platforms for evidence dissemination and behaviour change may benefit the public the most, but this initiative requires further research to investigate its effectiveness.