目的

评估体育锻炼干预对60岁及以上认知健康成年人的执行功能的影响。

方法

对四个电子数据库，即CENTRAL，PubMed，Web of Science和Embase进行了全面检索（从建库到2019年11月25日）。纳入验证体育锻炼对认知健康的老年人执行功能影响的随机对照试验。

结果

纳入了25个方法学质量合理的RCT。与无运动干预相比，体育锻炼对工作记忆（Hedge's g = 0.127，p <0.01，I 2 = 0％），认知灵活性（Hedge's g = 0.511；p = 0.007，I 2 = 89.08％）和抑制控制（Hedge's g = 0.136；p = 0.001，I 2 = 0％）有积极影响。中介变量分析表明，超过13周的有氧运动显著改善了工作记忆和认知灵活性，而干预持续超过26周则显著改善了抑制力。身心锻炼显著改善了工作记忆。没有发现对计划或语义口语流利性（SVF）有重大影响。

结论

定期进行体育锻炼，特别是有氧运动和身心运动，对于改善认知健康的老年人的工作记忆，认知灵活性和执行功能的抑制控制具有积极的好处。进一步设计良好的随机对照试验应关注具有标准化锻炼方案的特定锻炼形式对认知健康老年人的执行功能的影响。

关键词

体育锻炼

执行功能

健康老人

 

 

Abstract

Objective

To assess the effect of physical exercise interventions on executive function in cognitively healthy adults aged 60 years and older.

Methods

Four electronic databases, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, Web of Science and Embase, were comprehensively searched from their inception to November 25, 2019. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effect of physical exercise on executive function in cognitively healthy older adults were included.

Results

Twenty-five eligible trials with fair methodological quality were identified. Compared to a no-exercise intervention, physical exercise had positive effect on working memory (Hedge's g=0.127, p<0.01, I2= 0%), cognitive flexibility (Hedge's g=0.511; p=0.007, I2=89.08%), and inhibitory control (Hedge's g=0.136; p=0.001, I2=0%) in cognitively healthy older adults. The moderator analysis indicated that more than 13 weeks of aerobic exercise significantly improved working memory and cognitive flexibility, and intervention lasting more than 26 weeks significantly improved inhibition; mind-body exercise significantly improved working memory. No significant effect on planning or semantic verbal fluency (SVF) was found.

Conclusion

Regular physical exercise training, especially aerobic exercise and mind-body exercise, had positive benefit for improving working memory, cognitive flexibility and inhibitory control of executive function in cognively healthy older adults. Further well-designed RCTs should focus on the impact of specific exercise forms with a standardized exercise scheme on executive function in cognitively healthy older adults.

Keywords

Physical exercise

Executive function

Healthy elderly

原文链接：

https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020748920302960#!

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