238.Normal supine abdomen（正常卧位腹部平片）

This is the "scout" film of the abdomen, the one that gives a general idea of the bowel gas pattern and allows you to search for radiopaque calculi and detect organomegaly. There is usually a small amount of air in about two to three loops of nondilated small bowel (solid black arrow). There will almost always be air in the stomach (dotted black arrow) and in the rectosigmoid (solid white arrow). Depending on the amount of fat around the visceral organs, their outlines may be partially visible on conventional radiographs. The psoas muscles are outlined by fat (dotted white arrows) making them visible on this image.

这张腹部探查平片，给我们展示了肠气大致的分布类型，以便寻找不透线结石，检查是否有器官增大。通常有2-3根非扩张肠管内会存留少量气体影。胃和直肠乙状结肠内常会有气体。由于内脏器官周围有脂肪储积，因此可以在平片上仅可以观察到脏器的一部分。腰大肌轮廓被周围脂肪勾勒出来。 扩展阅读：腹部检查大多采用CT、超声或MRI。很多患者行腹部平片检查仅作为初步检查，进而选择更适宜的检查方式。平片常作为CT、超声、MRI的指导检查。 想要在平片上看出腹部异常表现，先要熟悉腹部平片的正常表现。第一：肠气的大致分布情况。第二：腔外气体。第三：异常钙化。第四：软组织肿块。

Notes

1. radiopaque calculi  /ˈkælkjəˌlaɪ/ 不透X线结石

2. organomegaly  器官肿大

3. rectosigmoid  /'sɪgmɔɪd/  直肠乙状结肠的

4. psoas muscles   /'səʊæs/ 腰大肌

Extensive Reading

Recognizing the Normal Abdomen: Conventional Radiographs 

• While imaging of the abdomen is now largely performed utilizing CT, ultrasound, or MRI, many patients have "plain films" of the abdomen as a first step before other imaging studies are performed or as a method of following up on findings demonstrated by other modalities. 

o As always, the principles that guide the interpretation of conventional radiographs apply to the modalities of CT, MRI, and ultrasound. 

• In order to recognize abnormal findings on conventional radiographs of the abdomen, you first must familiarize yourself with the appearance of normal. 

WHAT TO LOOK FOR 

 First, look at the overall gas pattern. 

o You are looking for the overall pattern, so don't spend too much time trying to identify every bubble of bowel gas you see. 

• Second, check for extraluminal air (see Chapter 15). 

• Third, look for abnormal abdominal calcifications. 

• Fourth, look for any soft tissue masses. 

来源：每天朗读一段医学影像学英语文章