190.Red marrow versus tumor in the proximal humeral shaft

红骨髓vs肱骨干近端肿瘤    

In the adult, it is widely recognized that residual hematopoietic marrow is present throughout the axial skeleton. In addition, hematopoietic marrow is usually present within the proximal metaphyseal areas of the femur and humerus. Residual hematopoietic marrow may be observed within the proximal humeral epiphyseal area in normal adults. Hematopoietic marrow does not result in significant hyperintensity on images acquired with T2-weighted, fat-suppressed T2-weighted, or STIR sequences (Figure 13.1). (As below)

在成年人中，普遍认为造血骨髓残留于长轴骨。此外，造血骨髓通常在股骨和肱骨的干骺端附近。正常成年人可在肱骨骨骺附近看到造血骨髓。在T2、T2压脂上，造血骨髓并不显示为明显的高信号。

Hematopoietic marrow is not associated with cortical destruction or an adjacent soft tissue mass. Hematopoietic marrow usually demonstrates bilateral symmetry, and evaluation of the contralateral extremity may be useful in problematic cases. The MR imaging characteristics of infiltrative lesions vary. All demonstrate some decreased signal intensity on T1-weighted images (Figure 13.2). Their appearance on T2- weighted sequences varies depending on tissue type, cellularity, water content, and the presence of fibrosis, necrosis, hematoma, or inflammatory。

造血骨髓不会导致骨皮质破坏或邻近软组织肿块。其常表现为双侧对称，对怀疑有问题的病例，对对侧肢体进行评估有一定作用。MR表现浸润、多变。大多数表现为T1低信号。T2上信号多变，取决于组织类型、细胞构成、水含量、是否伴有纤维化、坏死、血肿或炎症。

Notes：

1. residual [rɪˈzɪdʒuəl] adj.n. 残留的; 残余的

2. hematopoietic [hemətoʊpɔɪ'i:tɪk] adj. 造血的

3. proximal [ˈprɑ:ksɪməl] adj. 最接近的

4. metaphyseal [metə ' fizi:l] 干骺端的

5. infiltrative [ɪn'fɪltrətɪv] adj. 渗透性的，浸润

6. necrosis [neˈkroʊsɪs] n. 坏疽，坏死

7. hematoma [ˌhi:mə'toʊmə] n. 血肿

8. debris [dəˈbri:] n. 碎片，残骸

来源：每天朗读一段医学影像学英语文章