癌症的神经科学

SCI

26 June 2023

The neuroscience of cancer 

 (Nature IF: 49.96)

Mancusi R, Monje M. The neuroscience of cancer. Nature. 2023;618(7965):467-479. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-05968-y

The nervous system regulates tissue stem and precursor populations throughout life. Parallel to roles in development, the nervous system is emerging as a critical regulator of cancer, from oncogenesis to malignant growth and metastatic spread. Various preclinical models in a range of malignancies have demonstrated that nervous system activity can control cancer initiation and powerfully influence cancer progression and metastasis. Just as the nervous system can regulate cancer progression, cancer also remodels and hijacks nervous system structure and function. Interactions between the nervous system and cancer occur both in the local tumour microenvironment and systemically. Neurons and glial cells communicate directly with malignant cells in the tumour microenvironment through paracrine factors and, in some cases, through neuron-to-cancer cell synapses. Additionally, indirect interactions occur at a distance through circulating signals and through influences on immune cell trafficking and function. Such cross-talk among the nervous system, immune system and cancer— both systemically and in the local tumour microenvironment—regulates pro-tumour inflammation and anti-cancer immunity. Elucidating the neuroscience of cancer, which calls for interdisciplinary collaboration among the fields of neuroscience, developmental biology, immunology and cancer biology, may advance effective therapies for many of the most difficult to treat malignancies.

神经系统在整个生命过程中调节着组织干细胞和前体种群。与发育过程中的作用平行，神经系统正在成为癌症的一个重要调节器，从肿瘤发生到恶性生长和转移扩散。一系列恶性肿瘤的各种临床前模型已经证明，神经系统的活动可以控制癌症的发生，并有力地影响癌症的发展和转移。正如神经系统可以调节癌症的进展一样，癌症也会重塑和劫持神经系统的结构和功能。神经系统和癌症之间的相互作用既发生在局部肿瘤微环境中，也发生在全身。神经元和胶质细胞通过旁分泌因子与肿瘤微环境中的恶性细胞直接沟通，在某些情况下，通过神经元到癌细胞的突触。此外，通过循环信号和对免疫细胞贩运和功能的影响，间接的相互作用也在远处发生。神经系统、免疫系统和癌症之间的这种相互作用--在全身和局部肿瘤微环境中--调节着促肿瘤炎症和抗癌免疫力。阐明癌症的神经科学，需要神经科学、发育生物学、免疫学和癌症生物学等领域的跨学科合作，可能会推动许多最难治疗的恶性肿瘤的有效疗法。