美国CDC（疾控中心）建议孕妇注射的疫苗

近期甲流在很多地方开始进入流行高峰期，孕妈感染以后不仅本人受罪，还会担心肚子里宝宝的安全，除了加强自我防护，出门戴口罩以外，到底还有没有其他有效的预防措施？

有的，流感疫苗接种就是很好的预防措施，在欧美国家，通常会建议孕妇常规接种几种疫苗的，接下来，我就把美国CDC（疾控中心）的建议介绍给大家。

以下的内容翻译自美国CDC的官方网站：

·A pregnant person should get vaccinated against whooping cough and flu during each pregnancy to protect herself and her baby, with immunity for the first few months of life.

在每一次怀孕的时候，每一位女性都需要接种百日咳和流感疫苗来保护自己和孩子，为孩子出生后的头几个月提供免疫力。

·Protect mom and baby with vaccines.

用疫苗来保护妈妈和孩子。

·Did you know a baby gets disease immunity (protection) from mom during pregnancy? This immunity can protect baby from some diseases during the first few months of life, but immunity decreases over time.

你知道孩子可以从怀孕的妈妈那里得到疾病的免疫力吗？这些免疫力可以在孩子出生的头几个月里为他/她提供免受疾病困扰的保护，但是这些免疫力会随着时间的推移而减弱。

·Get a whooping cough vaccine and a flu vaccine during each pregnancy.

每一次怀孕都要接种百日咳和流感疫苗。

·Whooping cough, known as pertussis, can be serious for anyone, but for a newborn, it can be life-threatening.

百日咳对任何人来讲都可能会带来严重影响，对于新生儿来讲，它可能会是致命的。

·About 7 in 10 deaths from whooping cough are among babies younger than 2 months old. These babies are too young to receive a whooping cough vaccine. The younger the baby is when they get whooping cough, the more likely they will need to be treated in a hospital.

It may be hard to know if a baby has whooping cough because many babies with this disease don’t cough at all. Instead, it can cause them to stop breathing and turn blue.

在每10例百日咳导致的死亡病例中，有7例是发生在2月龄之内的婴儿，这些婴儿因为太小而无法接种百日咳疫苗。百日咳患儿的年龄越小，生病以后就越容易需要住院治疗。

婴儿患百日咳以后可能会比较难以发现，因为这些婴儿可能会无法咳嗽，而是会因为呼吸停止而出现皮肤发紫。

·When a pregnant person gets a whooping cough vaccine during pregnancy, her body will create protective antibodies and pass some of them to the baby before birth. These antibodies will provide the baby some short-term, early protection against whooping cough.  CDC recommends getting a whooping cough vaccine during the 27th through 36th week of each pregnancy, preferably during the earlier part of this time period.

当孕妇接种百日咳疫苗时，她的身体会产生保护性抗体，在分娩之前会将部分抗体传递给胎儿，这些抗体将会为婴儿在生命早期提供对抗百日咳的短期保护。CDC建议，每次怀孕时，在孕27-36周之间接种百日咳疫苗，最好是在这个时间窗的前半段接种。

Flu流感：

·Pregnant people are more likely to have severe illness from flu, possibly due to changes in immune, heart, and lung functions during pregnancy.

妊娠期妇女更容易因为流感而患重症，可能是因为怀孕以后自身的免疫系统，心血管系统和肺功能发生了改变。

·Make sure to receive your yearly flu vaccine.  —it’s the best way for a pregnant woman to protect against the flu and protect the baby for several months after birth from flu-related complications.

要记得每年接种流感疫苗。这是保护孕妇免受流感影响的最好措施，也可以让婴儿在出生后的几个月里免遭流感并发症的影响。

·CDC recommends getting a flu vaccine by the end of October despite flu seasons varying in their timing from season to season. This timing helps protect a pregnant woman before flu activity begins to increase.

尽管流感高发的季节每年会有所变化，CDC建议在10月底接种流感疫苗，这一时间点的接种可以让孕妇在流感高发活动期到来之前就获得免疫保护。

COVID-19新冠病毒：

·Pregnant people are more likely to get severely ill with COVID-19 compared with non-pregnant people. If you are pregnant, you can receive a COVID-19 vaccine. Getting a COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy can protect you from severe illness from COVID-19. If you have questions about getting vaccinated, talk to your healthcare provider.

和非孕期相比，孕妇感染新冠病毒以后可能会更容易发生重症，如果怀孕了，你可以接种新冠疫苗。孕期接种新冠疫苗可以保护你免受新冠感染重症的影响，如果对接种疫苗有疑问，可以和你的医生讨论。

编者按：

以上是美国CDC（疾控中心）对孕期接种疫苗的建议，由于公共卫生政策和疫苗管控政策的不同，在中国的实施方案会不一样，这些内容仅供参考。