衰老的标志:一个持续拓展的领域

SCI 18 January 2022

Hallmarks of aging: An expanding universe

(CELL; IF:66.85)

López-Otín C, Blasco MA, Partridge L, Serrano M, Kroemer G. Hallmarks of aging: An expanding universe. Cell 2022

Correspondence to: clo@uniovi.es (C.L.-O.), kroemer@orange.fr (G.K.)

SUMMARY 摘要  

Aging is driven by hallmarks fulfilling the following three premises: (1) their age-associated manifestation, (2) the acceleration of aging by experimentally accentuating them, and (3) the opportunity to decelerate, stop, or reverse aging by therapeutic interventions on them. We propose the following twelve hallmarks of aging: genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, loss of proteostasis, disabled macroautophagy, deregulated nutrient-sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, stem cell exhaustion, altered intercellular communication, chronic inflammation, and dysbiosis. These hallmarks are interconnected among each other, as well as to the recently proposed hallmarks of health, which include organizational features of spatial compartmentalization, maintenance of homeostasis, and adequate responses to stress.

衰老是由满足以下三个前提的特征驱动的:

(1)它们与年龄相关的表现，(2)通过实验强调它们来加速衰老，(3)通过对它们进行治疗干预来减速、停止或逆转衰老。我们提出了衰老的以下12个特征:基因组不稳定、端粒磨损、表观遗传改变、蛋白质平衡丧失、巨自噬功能丧失、营养感觉失调、线粒体功能障碍、细胞衰老、干细胞耗竭，细胞间通信改变、慢性炎症和生态失调。

这些特征之间相互关联，以及最近提出的健康特征，包括空间分隔的组织特征，内稳态的维持，以及对压力的适当反应。