护士对医疗保健中使用机器人的态度

Full text

We read the article by Zrinyi et al. (2022), titled “Nurse preferences of caring robots: A conjoint experiment to explore most valued robot features,” which was published in the Nursing Open on 27 June 2022. Zrinyi et al. (2022) assessed nurses' potential perceptions of robots by examining previous studies and utilizing symbolic words used by nurses in reference to robots as responses that depict their impressions.

The authors reported that the survey population included approximately 13% of nurses who had worked with robots before. We believe that considering whether nurses possess such experience is necessary to assess their perceptions of robots accurately.

Yen et al. (2018) surveyed nursing tasks and reported that nurses spend approximately 10% of their time on replaceable tasks that do not need to be performed by nurses. Additionally, they reported that the quality of nursing tasks is improved when performed by non-nurses (Yen et al., 2018). Robots can perform tasks that do not need to be performed by nurses and are deployed to perform some of these tasks in order to reduce nurses' workload. However, Robert (2019) reported that while robots can perform about 60% of nursing tasks, they take 20 times longer.

We therefore believe that nurses who have worked with robots before may have held expectations of a reduced workload but witnessed robots' slow performance of tasks and are thus significantly biased in their perception of working with robots. Zrinyi et al. (2022) also stated that “Due to the very low number of participants exposed to nursing robots, we were not able to conduct a separate analysis to support previous findings. Therefore, we could not confirm the positive views of nurses who had already worked with caring robots” (p. 4). Therefore, we believe that it is necessary only to analyse nurses who have not worked with robots before to increase the reliability of the results of this study.

Second, we believe that the authors' findings with regard to nurses' concerns about robots taking on a role related to the core value of nursing care are interesting. Reports have indicated that companion robots have had a positive psychosocial impact on patients. However, we believe that the nurses' perception of robots as an unfavourable substitute for communication and the relatively low perceived safety of operation have important implications for the widespread use of robots in the medical field. Yen et al. (2018) reported in their survey that nurses spent much of their time communicating with patients in their rooms as part of their duties.

The results indicated that a fair share of physicians and other healthcare professionals recognize the importance of gathering information through communication with patients and that robots cannot replace this (Roter & Hall, 1995). In addition, the authors believe that the relatively low importance of operational safety is largely due to the fact that robots have been proven to be safe in medical settings and because companion robots are beginning to become more prevalent in daily life. We believe that this result's value in the nursing field would be enhanced by incorporating the nurses’ identities into the authors' discussion. The consolidation of the authors' argument through this addition will increase their credibility and consequently promote the diffusion of robots, which are sure to enter the medical field.

全文翻译（仅供参考）

我们阅读了Zrinyi等人（2022）的文章，题为“护理机器人的护士偏好：探索最有价值的机器人特征的联合实验”，该文章于2022年6月27日发表在《护理公开》上。Zrinyi等人（2022）通过检查先前的研究，并利用护士参考机器人时使用的符号词作为描述其印象的响应，评估了护士对机器人的潜在感知。

作者报告说，调查人群中包括大约13%以前使用过机器人的护士。我们认为，考虑护士是否具备这样的经验，有必要准确评估他们对机器人的认知。

Yen等人（2018）调查了护理任务，并报告称，护士将大约10%的时间用于不需要护士执行的可替换任务。此外，他们报告称，非护士执行护理任务时，护理任务的质量得到了提高（Yen等人，2018）。机器人可以执行不需要护士执行的任务，并被部署来执行其中一些任务，以减少护士的工作量。然而，Robert（2019）报告称，虽然机器人可以完成约60%的护理任务，但它们需要的时间要长20倍。

因此，我们认为，以前使用过机器人的护士可能对减少工作量抱有期望，但目睹了机器人执行任务的缓慢，因此对使用机器人的看法存在明显偏见。Zrinyi等人（2022）还表示，“由于接触护理机器人的参与者人数非常少，我们无法进行单独的分析来支持之前的发现。因此，我们无法确认已经与护理机器人合作过的护士的积极观点”（第4页）。因此，我们认为，只有对以前没有使用过机器人的护士进行分析，才能提高本研究结果的可靠性。

第二，我们认为作者关于护士对机器人扮演与护理核心价值相关的角色的担忧的发现很有趣。报告表明，陪伴机器人对患者产生了积极的心理社会影响。然而，我们认为，护士认为机器人是通信的不利替代品，并且相对较低的操作安全性对机器人在医疗领域的广泛使用具有重要意义。Yen等人（2018）在他们的调查中报告，护士大部分时间都在房间里与患者沟通，这是他们职责的一部分。

结果表明，相当一部分医生和其他医疗专业人员认识到通过与患者沟通收集信息的重要性，而机器人无法取代这一点（Roter&Hall，1995）。此外，作者们认为，操作安全的重要性相对较低，这主要是因为机器人已被证明在医疗环境中是安全的，而且陪伴机器人在日常生活中开始变得越来越普遍。我们相信，通过将护士的身份纳入作者的讨论，这一结果在护理领域的价值将得到提高。通过这一补充巩固作者的论点将提高他们的可信度，从而促进机器人的传播，机器人肯定会进入医学领域。

THE

END