汇总|常用临床医学术语

diseases疾病  

acute diseases急性病

advanced diseases病沉重期，晚期疾病 

chronic diseases慢性病

communicable diseases传染病 

complicating diseases并发病

congenital diseases先天性疾病

acquired diseases后天性疾病 

contagious diseases接触性传染病

endemic diseases地方病 

epidemic diseases流行病

functional diseases机能病、官能病 

infectious diseases传染病

inherited diseases遗传病 

malignant diseases恶性病

nutritional diseases营养病 

occupation diseases职业病

organic diseases器质性病 

paroxysmal diseases阵发性病

periodical diseases周期病 

primary(principal)diseases原发（主导）病

secondary diseases继发病 

sexual(venereal, social)diseases性病

terminal diseases绝症 

wasting diseases消耗性疾病

chief complaint主诉 

clinical manifestation临床表现

delivery history分娩史 

etiology病因学

family history家族史 

history, medical history病史

precipitating(induced)诱因 

marital status婚姻状况

menstrual history月经史 

menarche初潮

menopause闭经 

past history既往史

pathogenesis发病机制 

personal history个人史

symptoms症状

cardinal symptom主要症状 

classical symptom典型症状

concomitant symptom伴发症状 

constitutional(systemic) symptom全身症状

indirect symptom间接症状 

induced symptom诱发症状

local symptom局部症状 

mental symptom精神症状

symptom-complex (syndrome)symptom综合症，症候群

signs体征

antecedent前驱征 

assident (accessory)副征

commemorative后遗症 

sign of death死征

diagnostic诊断征 

sign of disease病征

subjective自觉征，主观征

vein sign静脉征 

vital sign生命体征

body length (height of the body)身高

body weight体重 

barrel chest桶状胸

cachexia恶病质 

compulsive position被动体位

critical facies病危面容 

emaciation消瘦

enophthalmos眼球下陷 

entropion睑内翻

exophthalmos眼球突出 

flushed face面色潮红

gain (loss) in weight增加（减轻）体重 

lock-jaw牙关紧闭

lordosis脊柱前凸 

nasal ala flap鼻翼扇动

nystagmus眼震 

obesity肥胖

pallor苍白 

scolisis脊柱侧凸

agitation焦急不安 

debility, weakness虚弱

diaphoresis出汗，大量出汗 

dizziness, vertigo眩晕

lassitude, fatigue无力，倦怠 

malaise不适

night sweat盗汗 

numbness麻木

rigor, chill寒冷，发冷 

perspiration, sweating出汗

pruritus, itching痒， 

somasthenia躯体无力

tingling麻刺感 

abscess脓肿

acidosis酸中毒 

adhesion粘连

alkalosis碱中毒 

allergy过敏

coagulation defect凝血不良 

congestion充血

dehydration脱水 

distention膨胀

edema水肿 

embolism栓塞，栓塞形成

fluid and electrolyte imbalance水电解质紊乱

gangrene坏疽 

hematoma血肿

hemorrhage, bleeding出血 

infarction梗塞，梗死

infection传染 

inflammation炎症

ketoacidosis酮酸中毒 

metastasis转移

perforation穿孔 

necrosis坏死

shock休克 

response反应，应答

reaction反应，感应 

thrombosis血栓形成

ulceration溃疡 

fever, pyrexia发烧，发热

continuous fever稽留热 

intermittent fever间歇热

low-grade fever低热 

remittent fever驰张热

relapsing fever回归热 

pain痛

burning pain灼痛 

chest(flank,…) pain胸（胁腹…）痛

cramp-like pain痉挛性痛 

dull, diffused pain弥漫性钝痛

pleuritic pain胸膜炎性痛

radiating pain (pain radiating to…)放射性痛（放射到…疼痛）angina绞痛 

cardiac angina心绞痛

backache背痛 

colic绞痛，急腹痛

earache耳痛 

headache头痛

neuralgia神经痛 

migraine偏头痛

rebound tenderness反跳痛 

somatalgia躯体痛

sore throat咽喉痛 

stomachache胃痛

toothache牙痛 

bloody sputum带血的痰

cough咳嗽 

dry cough干咳

expectoration咳痰 

expectoration of blood咳血

hemoptysis咳血 

anoxia缺氧 

apnea呼吸暂停，窒息

asthma气喘，哮喘 

Cheyne Stokes respiration切－斯氏呼吸，潮式呼吸

dyspnea呼吸困难 

hyperpnea hyperventilation过度呼吸，换气过度

hypopnea呼吸不全， 呼吸浅表 

hypoxia低氧，缺氧

orthopnea端坐呼吸 

respiratory arrest呼吸停止

suffocation窒息 

tachypnea呼吸急促

fetid breath口臭 

fruity breath呼吸有水果味

arrhythmia心律失常，心律不齐 

atelectasis肺不张，肺膨胀不全

cardiac arrest心搏骤停 

cardiac hypertrophy心脏肥大

cyanosis发绀，青紫 

distension of jugular vein颈静脉怒张

extrasystole期外收缩 

gallop rhythm奔马律

hemopleura血胸 

hepatojugular reflux肝颈静脉回流

hypovolemia（循环）血容量减少 

palpitation心悸

tachycardia心动过速 

pneumothorax气胸

thrill震颤 

absent breath sounds呼吸音消失

dull sound浊音 

hyperresonant鼓音

rale啰音 

rhonchus, rhonchi鼾音，干啰音

wheeze哮鸣音 

 anorexia, loss of appetite食欲不振，厌食

dysphagia吞咽困难 

eructation嗳气

belching嗳气 

flatulence气胀

flatus肠胃气，屁 

gaseous distention胃胀气

hematemesis呕血 

hiccough, hiccup打呃，呃逆

nausea恶心 

pyrosis胃灼热

regurgitation反胃，回流 

thirsty口渴

vomiting呕吐 

anal fissure, crack in the anal canal肛裂

ascites腹水

board-like rigidity of the abdomen板状腹

decreased tactile fremitus触觉性震颤减弱

exophageal varices食管静脉曲张

fistula瘘，瘘管 

hemorrhoid痔

hernia疝 

hepatomegaly肝肿大

intussusception肠套叠 

jaundice黄疸

muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall腹壁肌卫

peristalsis蠕动 

loss of peristalsis蠕动消失

mass peristalsis总蠕动

retrograde (reversed) peristalsis逆蠕动 

prolapse脱垂

prolapse of anus脱肛 

rectal prolapse直肠脱垂，脱肛

volvulus肠扭转 

calculus结石， 石

biliary calculus胆结石 

vesical calculus膀胱结石

constipation便秘 

defecation排便

diarrhea腹泻 

incontinence of feces大便失禁

hematochezia便血 

fecal impaction大便嵌塞

occult blood潜血 

painful straining with defecation排便痛性牵动

clay colored stools陶土色便 

dark, granular/coffee ground emesis咖啡样呕吐物

fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting呕粪，吐粪

foul fatty stools, steatorrhea恶臭脂肪便，脂肪痢

scanty and hard stools便少而硬

tarry (black) stools柏油样便

anuria无尿

burning sensation no urination排尿时的灼烧感

dysurea排尿困难，尿痛

enuresis, bed wetting遗尿

frequency of urination尿频

micturation排尿

uresis, urination, voiding排尿

nocturia夜尿

oliguria少尿

polyuria多尿

tenesmus里急后重

vesical tenesmus排尿时里急后重

uremia coma尿毒症昏迷

urgency of urination尿急

urinary incontinence尿失禁

aciduria酸尿

chyluria乳糜尿

cylindruia管型尿

glycosuria糖尿

hematuria血尿

ketonuria酮尿

pneumatinuria气尿

proteinuria蛋白尿

pyuria脓尿 

amenorrhea经闭，无月经

dysmenorrhea痛经

menorrhagia月经过多

lochia恶露

menorrhea行经，月经过多

menstruation月经

uterine contraction子宫收缩

blotch斑点

bruise挫伤，青肿

acne痤疮，粉刺

desquamation脱皮，脱屑

ecchymosis瘀斑

loss of skin turgor失去皮肤充盈

nevus痣

papule丘疹

petechia瘀点，瘀斑

pigmentation色素沉着

pustule脓疱

purpura紫癫

red nodule红结节

roseola玫瑰疹

scar伤疤

senile plaque老人斑

spider anaioma蛛形痣

subcutaneous nodule皮下结节

urticaria荨麻疹

vesicle小水疱

vitiligo白斑

blindness失明

blurred vision, visual disturbance视力模糊

impaired vision视力下降

lacrimation流泪

papilledema视神经乳头水肿

photophobia畏光，羞明

retinal detachment视网膜脱离

deafness聋

hearing loss听力丧失

tinnitus耳鸣

epistaxis, nasal bleeding鼻出血

impaired smelling嗅觉障碍

nasal discharge鼻涕

nasal obstruction鼻塞

sneeze喷嚏

snore打鼾

aphonia, loss of voice失音症

hoarseness嘶哑

gum bleeding齿龈出血

herpes labialis唇疱疹，感冒疮

Koplik’s spots科普利克斑

lead line of the gum龈铅线

salivation, drooling流口水

straw-berry tongue草莓舌

tremulous tongue舌震颤

atrophy萎缩

contracture挛缩

deformity畸形，变形

dislocation脱位

fracture骨折

closed (simple)fracture无创骨折，单纯性骨折

comminuted fracture粉碎性骨折

compound fracture哆开（开放性）骨折

knock-knee膝外翻

opisthotonos角弓反张

prosthesis假体

spasm痉挛

tetany (肌)强直，手足抽搦

wrist drop腕下垂

aphasia失语

ataxia共济失调

coma昏迷

consciousness知觉，意识

convulsion抽搐，惊厥

delirium谵妄

delusion妄想

faint昏厥

hallucination幻觉

hemiplegia偏瘫

increased intracranial pressure颅内压增高

insanity精神错乱

loss of orientation定向丧失

mania躁狂

memory defects, amnesia记忆缺损，遗忘症

paraplegia截瘫，下身麻痹

projectile vomiting喷射性呕吐

somnolence, (lethargy)昏睡，嗜睡

stupor木僵，昏呆

tetraplegia四肢瘫痪

unconsciousness失去知觉

yawning打哈欠

crisis危象

cerebral (febrile, hematic, hemolytic,hypertensive, thyrotoxic, ...) crisis

脑（热、血性、溶血、高血压、甲状腺中毒…）危象

failure衰竭，故障

central (circulatory, cardiac, myocardiac, peripheral, congestive, renal, respiratory) failure

中枢（循环、心力、心肌、周围循环、充血性、肾、呼吸…）衰竭

diagnosis诊断

auscultation听诊

inspection视诊

palpation触诊

percussion叩诊

laboratory examination实验室检查

physical examination体格检查

rectal (vaginal) touch直肠（阴道）指诊

impression印象

tentative diagnosis暂定诊断

differential diagnosis鉴别诊断

final diagnosis最后诊断

prognosis预后

prescription处方

incubation (latent) period潜伏期

prodromal stage前驱期

incipient stage初期

quiescent stage静止期

alleviation减轻，缓和

remission缓解

attack发作

convalescence (recovery) stage恢复期

rehabilitation康复

relapse复发

sudden death猝死

moribund濒死的

course of the disease病程

course of the treatment疗程

indication适应症，指征

complication并发症

contraindication禁忌症

side-effect副作用

sequel (sequela), after effect后遗症

therapies治疗方法

acupuncture therapy针刺疗法

block therapy封闭疗法

chemical therpy (chemo-therapy)化学疗法

combined therapy综合疗法

conservative therapy保守疗法

constitutional therapy全身疗法

dietetic therapy饮食疗法

operative treatment手术疗法

palliative treatment, alleviative treatment姑息疗法

physical therapy物理疗法

psychotherapy精神疗法

radical treatment根治

radio-therapy放射性疗法

supporting treatment支持疗法

symptomatic treatment对症疗法

cardiac massage心脏按摩

cardiac pacing心脏起博

electrotherapy电疗法

electroshock treatment电休克疗法

hemodialysis血液透析

hyperbaric therapy高压氧疗法

insulin-shock treatment胰岛素休克疗法

light therapy光疗法

therapeutic gymnastics医疗体育