​呼气末正压/肺复张动作与呼气末零压对儿童肺不张影响：一项随机临床试验

呼气末正压/肺复张动作与呼气末零压对儿童肺不张影响：一项随机临床试验

贵州医科大学　麻醉与电生理课题组

翻译：佟睿　编辑：佟睿　审校：曹莹

Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure/recruitment manoeuvres compared with zero end-expiratory pressure on atelectasis in children: A randomised clinical trial

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Atelectasis is a common postoperative complication. Peri-operative lung protection can reduce atelectasis; however, it is not clear whether this persists into the postoperative period.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate to what extent lung-protective ventilation reduces peri-operative atelectasis in children undergoing nonabdominal surgery.

DESIGN: Randomised, controlled, double-blind study.

SETTING: Single tertiary hospital, 25 July 2019 to 18 January 2020.

PATIENTS: A total of 60 patients aged 1 to 6 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 1 or 2, planned for nonabdominal surgery under general anaesthesia (≤2h ) with mechanical ventilation.

INTERVENTION: The patients were assigned randomly into either the lung-protective or zero end-expiratory pressure with no recruitment manoeuvres (control) group. Lung protection entailed 5 cmH₂O positive end-expiratory pressure and recruitment manoeuvres every 30 min. Both groups received volume-controlled ventilation with a tidal volume of 6 ml kg^-1 body weight. Lung ultrasound was conducted before anaesthesia induction, immediately after induction, surgery and tracheal extubation, and 15 min, 3 h, 12 h and 24 h after extubation.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The difference in lung ultrasound score between groups at each interval. A higher score indicates worse lung aeration.

RESULTS:Patients in the lung-protective group exhibited lower median [IQR] ultrasound scores compared with the control group immediately after surgery, 4 [4 to 5] vs. 8 [4 to 6], (95% confidence interval for the difference between group values-4 to -4,Z=-6.324) and after extubation 3 [3 to 4] vs. 4 [4 to 4], 95% CI -1 to 0, Z=-3.161. This did not persist from 15 min after extubation onwards. Lung aeration returned to normal in both groups 3 h after extubation.

CONCLUSION:The reduced atelectasis provided by lungprotective ventilation does not persist from 15 min after extubation onwards. Further studies are needed to determine if it yields better results in other types of surgery.