Bacterial tracheitis（细菌性气管炎）

Tracheitis is a rare entity compared to other causes of respiratory difficulty in children. Acute onset of stridor is the typical clinical presentation of bacterial tracheitis.The mean age at presentation is 4 years old, but bacterial tracheitis can be seen at any age.

与其他引起小儿呼吸困难的疾病相比，气管炎相对罕见。急性发作的哮鸣是细菌性气管炎的典型症状。平均发病年龄约4岁，但也可见于任何年龄。

Prompt recognition is important because membranes can develop relatively quickly and acutely obstruct the airway.

及时诊断细菌性气管炎非常关键，因为膜形成迅速，可导致急性气道阻塞。

Radiologic

image Lateral airway radiographs often show an indistinct appearance (i.e., so-called clouding) of the trachea, intraluminal tracheal opacities, and tracheal wall irregularity.

影像表现：侧位片可见气管模糊影（即云雾影），管腔内致密影，管壁不规则。

Occasionally, associated subglottic narrowing can be present. The epiglottis and retropharyngeal tissues are normal in tracheitis, distinguishing this entity from other infectious causes of acute stridor in children.

偶尔会伴发声门下狭窄。会厌和咽后结构通常无异常。这一点可用来鉴别其他导致小儿哮鸣急性发作的感染性疾病。

Half of cases have associated pneumonia. A normal radiograph does not exclude the diagnosis of tracheitis. The major alternative diagnosis based on radiographic findings is tracheal mucus accumulation. Because early treatment of tracheitis is important, this diagnosis should be favored in equivocal cases and treatment should begin.

半数患者并发肺炎。影像学表现正常不能排除气管炎的可能。主要的排除诊断是影像中出现支气管内粘液聚集。早期治疗很关键，在还没有完全确诊的时候，就应该开始治疗。

Notes:

1. tracheitis  [ˌtreɪkɪ'aɪtɪs] n. 气管炎

2. stridor 'straɪdə] n. 喘鸣

3. bacterial [bæk'tɪərɪrl] adj. 细菌的; 细菌性

4. membrane [ˈmɛmˌbren] n. 隔膜

5. trachea [ˈtreɪkiə] n. 气管

6. intraluminal [ɪntræ'lu:mɪnəl] adj. 管腔内的

7. subglottic [sʌbɡ'lɒtɪk] 声门下的

8. epiglottis [ˌepɪˈglɑ:tɪs] n. 会厌

9. retropharyngeal [retroʊfə'rɪndʒi:əl] 咽后的

10. mucus [ˈmjukəs] n. 粘液

11. equivocal [ɪˈkwɪvəkəl] adj. 模棱两可的; 意义不明的